What does the Expectancy Theory of Motivation suggest?

The Expectancy Theory of Motivation, developed by Victor Vroom, posits that individuals are motivated to act based on the expected outcomes of their actions. According to this theory, motivation is a function of three key components: expectancy, instrumentality, and valence.

Expectancy refers to the belief that one's effort will lead to a certain level of performance; instrumentality is the belief that performing at that level will lead to various outcomes or rewards; and valence is the value that the individual places on the outcome. Therefore, the theory asserts that individuals will be motivated to exert effort when they believe that their efforts will lead to effective performance that will result in desired rewards, such as bonuses in a workplace setting.

This aligns with the idea that performance leads to bonuses, as it reflects the logical flow of motivation: belief in performance ability leads to the expectation of rewards. When individuals understand that higher performance is associated with tangible rewards, like bonuses, they are more likely to be motivated to perform at their best.

In contrast, the other options do not reflect the core tenets of Expectancy Theory. The theory clearly emphasizes the significance of rewards and outcomes in motivation, contrary to any notion that suggests rewards do not matter or that effort does not influence