Which of the following is not one of the 4 P's of Marketing?

The concept of the 4 P's of Marketing is a foundational model in marketing that includes Promotion, Place, Price, and Product. Each of these elements plays a crucial role in developing a marketing strategy.

Promotion refers to the activities that communicate the product's features and benefits and persuade customers to purchase. Place involves the channel through which the product is distributed to reach customers effectively. Price denotes the amount of money customers must pay to acquire the product, influencing its competitiveness and perceived value.

The term "People," while important in various marketing contexts (especially in service marketing and service industries), is not one of the original 4 P's. The inclusion of "People" is more often associated with an expanded marketing mix, such as the 7 P's, which also includes Physical evidence and Process. Therefore, the inclusion of "People" as an answer demonstrates a differentiation from the core elements of the 4 P's framework.