Whistle-blowing involves:

Whistle-blowing primarily refers to the act of reporting misconduct, especially by an employee, to external parties, such as regulatory agencies or law enforcement. This action often follows internal reports of ethical violations that were ignored or not adequately addressed by the organization. By taking this step, whistle-blowers aim to expose wrongdoing that could harm the public or violate laws and regulations.

In contrast, the other options do not align with the definition of whistle-blowing. Internal reporting of ethical violations may be the initial step an employee takes, but it does not encompass the act of going public or contacting external authorities. Voting against company policies and accepting corporate errors without action are neither active measures to report wrongdoing nor seek accountability; instead, they reflect a passive or oppositional response within the organization. Therefore, the choice focusing on exposing wrongdoing to external authorities accurately encapsulates the essence of whistle-blowing.